Calculating machine



4 Sheets-Shea?l l NOV. 20, 1951 H. A. DE VALLE-ARIZPE CALCULATING MACHINE Filed NOV. 13, 1947 Nov. .20, 1951 Filed Nov. 13, 1947 H. A. DE VALYLE-ARIZPE CALCULATING MACHINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

ATTE! RN EYB NOV- 20, 1951 H. A. DE VALLE-AR|2PE 2,575,866

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Nov. 15, 1947 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 i l I, INVENTOR. In!) l I" b #Aww/0 f VALLE-A02@ ATTE! RN EYB Nov. 20, 1951 H. A. DE VALLE-ARIZPE CALCULATING MACHINE Filed NOV. 15, 1947 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 lIllu ENTOR.

LR @ag/MQW ATFEI RN EYB Patented Nov. 2G, 1951 UNITED AST1-iras PATENT OFFICE CALCULATIN G NIACHINE Harmodio A. de Valle-Arizpe, Colonia Portales, Mexico City, Mexico Application November 13, 1947, Serial No. 785,774

6 Claims. l

rL ihis invention relates to calculating machines of the type adapted to perform such arithmetical operations as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

An important object of the invention is to provide a simple compact and inexpensive machine of the character mentioned by which such arithmetical operations as it is designed to perform may be carried out easily, quickly and accurately Without necessitating on the part of the operator any high degree of skill in the attainment of eflicient performance.

To the above and other ends the invention contemplates a rotatable dialing unit, a register including a series of rotatable counter disks, registren-actuating means by which any selected one of said disks may be operatively connected to said dialing unit for rotation in one direction or the other, as required, in response to uni-directional rotation of said dialing unit and :at any one of a plurality of speeds with reference to the speed of rotation of said dialing unit, and control means for automatically eiiecting operative connection between said dialing unit and successive counter disks as successive dialing operations are completed.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description when taken in connection With the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a plan view ,of the machine with the cover plate of its housing broken away and the dialing unit removed.

Figure la is a fragmental sectional view taken on line laf-la of Fig. l, certain parts being omitted in the interest of clarity.

Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view taken on line 2 2 of Fig. l and showing in section the cover plate together with certain elements of the dialing unit.

Figure 3 is a vertical sectional view taken on line 3 3 of Fig. l. v l

Figure 4 is a plan view ofthe machine, a portion of its housing being broken away for clarity with reference to structural details of dial restraining means adapted to insure the proper extent of rotation of the dial incident to each dialing operation.

Figure 5 is a side elevation of the machine with its housing broken away, as in Fig. 4, and portions of its dialing unit in section.

Figure 6 is an end elevation of the machine as viewed from the left in Fig. 4.

Figure '7 is a sectional view taken on line 1 1 of Fig. 5, various parts and openings being omitted in the interest of clarity and in order to emphasize the relation to each other of the gear tracks peculiar to the driving disk of the dialing unit.

Figure 8 is a vertical sectional view taken on line 8 8 of Fig. 1.

Figure 9 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line 9 9 of Fig. 7 and showing the relation of the register observation slot to one of the counter disks.

Figure l0 is a detail plan view of a gear locking and pawl releasing unit.

Figure ll is a sectional View taken on line Il l of Fig. l0.

Figure l2 is a sectional view taken on line i2 l2 of Fig. l0 and showing in elevation one of a pair of driving disk declutching arms in operative association with the unit of Fig. `10.

Figure 13 is a perspective view taken on line 13 i3 of Fig. l and showing a slidable indexing block rigidly connected to one end of a gearshifting strap.

Figure 13a is a perspective view of a latch adapted to be slidably connected to the indexing block, and

Figure 14 is a perspective view showing one of the counter disks in association with its driving mechanism and its restraining means, the driving mechanism being illustrated as including a gear in association with its positioning and locking mechanism.

The mechanism herein illustrated as an embodiment of the present invention includes a housing 29, a registering unit 2|, a dialing unit 22, a transmission unit 24 by which the registering unit may be actuated in response to operation of the dialing unit and a transmission control unit 25 by which the denominational orders of the registering unit may be rendered selectively responsive to the operation of the dialing unit.

As will be readily understood, the housing 20 serves as an enclosure for most of thel various parts, combinations and su-bcombinations of elements entering into the machine embodying the present invention, the housing comprising a bottom plate 26, with which are associated end and side walls 21 and 28, respectively, to which is removably connected, as by screws 3B, a cover 3|. The cover 3i is provided with pointer accommodating slots 32 and 34, an observation window 35, a key-accommodating opening 31, and a series of latch pin receiving apertures 38. At one end of the cover 3l there is inscribed, etched or otherwise affixed to the upper face of the cover in an annular group a series of numerals 1 to 10 inclusive, which function, as will hereinafter more clearly appear, in connection with the dialing unit 22 to aid in the carrying out of arithmetical processes of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. For the operators convenience, as when for example, the process of division is being executed, there is provided a pair of hold down strips fil beneath which a suitable cardboard strip 42 is removably held and on which the operator may make any notations that he may deem advisable or helpful in the carrying out of computations.

The registering unit 2| includes aseries of,

counter disks 4l?, each of which is provided on its peripheral face with a series of numerals to 9 inclusive. To one end of each counter disk 44 there is rigidly connected a spur gear 45 and at the opposite end of such disk there is similarly connected a transfer disk d6, the function* of which will hereinafter more clearly appear.

Referring particularly to Figs. 1, 4 and 7, it will be observed that each counter disk 4G of the registering unit- 2| is disposed beneath and is visible through its corresponding window 36, there being as many such windows as there are counter disks and the series of windows, together with the respective disks, being identified from right to leftby the numerals 1 to 15, inclusive, suitably affixed tothe upper face of the cover plate 3| adjacent the respective windows.` The numerical order of the windows 36, as identified by the numerals 1 to 15, inclusive, corresponds to the units tens hundreds (and so on) digit positions within a given numerical quantity.

y As will be readily understood from an inspection of Fig. 14, each counter disk 44 together with its associated spur gear 45 and transfer disk d6 constitutes a counter-disk assembly indicated as a whole by the numeral 48. Referring particularly to Figs. 1, 3 and 9, it will be observed that the several counter-diskassemblies 43 are journaled for independent rotation on a common shaft 55 fixedly connected at its opposite ends to andsupported by a pair of walls 5| and 52, disposed transversely of the housing 28 and rigidly anchored by screws 53 to the bottom 26 of the housing, as shown most clearly in Fig. 1. A suitable spacer 54, carried by the shaft 58 and disposed intermediate the wall 52 and the adjacent counter-disk assembly 58, may be employed to retain the several counter-disk assemblies against ,undue longitudinal displacement on said shaft.

In` order that the counter-disk assemblies 48 may be held against undue rotation, each such assemblyis associated with a restraining device 55, which, as will be appreciated from an inspection of Figs. 1, 3, 9 and especially Fig. 14, includes a gear 56, between the teeth of which is yieldably retained acam-like detent 51, carried by a spring arm 58, looped intermediate its ends about a supporting rod 65) and anchored at its end, nearest such rod, to the adjacent side wall 28 of the housing 20. It will be understood, of

course, that f while the detent 51, acting under 'respond in number to the number of counter-disk assemblies 48, are journaled for independent rotation on a common shaft El, which, like theA CIA spring arm supporting rod 65, is xedly connected at its opposite ends to and supported by the pair of transversely disposed walls 5| and 52. In order that the gears may be held in a properly separated relation to each other, suitable sleeve-like spacers 62 are carried by the shaft 6| and are disposed intermediate adjacent gears and between the end gears and the respectively adjacent walls 5| and 52. Similarly the spring arms 53 of the restraining devices 55 are held against undue displacement by a series of sleeve-like spacers 64- carried -by the supporting rod 68.

The dialing unit 22, as shown most clearly in Figs. 2, 4 and 8, comprises two highly important elements, namely, a rotatable dial plate 65 and i, under moderate pressure to provide a series of concentric gear tracks made up Yof permanently formed tooth indentures, the several tracks being diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 7 andthere identified as tracks numbers to Iii,v inclusive. Here it may be well` to mention that the number of teeth with which the pinion 58 is provided bearsa ratio to the number of tooth indentures peculiar to the respective gear tracks (I to l0) in the order of 1 to 1, 1 to 2, 1 to 3 and so on up to and including 1 to 10. Thus, it will be understood that if, for example, the pinion 68 carries ten teeth and tracks, say 3 and 9, are respectively composed of ten, thirty and ninety tooth indentures, it vfollows that one complete revolution of the driving disk 66 will effect one, three and nine complete revolutions of the pinion 68 when that pinion is maintained in driven relation to the respective tracks just mentioned. The reason for specific gear ratios between the pinion 68 and the several gear tracks (l to |0) will become more apparent when considering the hereinafter described operation of the machine.

As shown most clearly in Fig. 8, the dialA 65 and the friction disk 66 are connected together for rotation inV unison, the means employed to effect such connection being herein illustrated as including a tubular shaft 'I0 which is internally screw threaded to receive a pair of screws 1| and 12, the former of which passes through the driving disk and the latter of which is provided with a disk-like head 'I4 seated on the upper face of the dial and anchored thereto by a pin 15. The pin 15 insures the screw 12 against turning with respect to the dial 65, and, likewise, a simila-r pin 76, passing through the driving disk 65 and into the lower end of theshaft i6 insures such disk and shaft against turning with relation to each other. adequate bearing il is provided for the shaft 18, the bearing being herein illustrated as including a pair of disks 'i8 and B8 suitably connected, as by screws 8|, to the upper and lower faces, respectively, of the cover plate 3l through which the shaft projects. To the lower face of the disk 88 are connected the inner ends of a plurality of flat springs 82, the outer or free ends of which are bent downwardly so as to engage the driving disk 66 and exert a slight pressure on it in order that a positive driving action may be maintained between itself and the pinion 68 duringV the dialing operation.

In order that the pinion 68 may be conveniently shifted from one vgear track to another (reference being had to the tracks, numbers 1 to l0 in Fig. 7) there are provided a pair of disk declutching arms 84 adapted to be moved vertically, as will atrasos .y hereinafter more clearly appear, through the medium of a gear locking and pawl releasing unit 85 to be described later in detail. It may be well to here mention that the driving disk 96 engages and rides on a pair of bearing balls 86 suitably held against linear displacement on the declutching arms 84, the arms being adapted when raised vto correspondingly lift the driving disk free of the pinion 68 and the springs 82 being adapted to insure return movement of the driving disk into engagement with the pinion as the arms are lowered y1:0 their normal or lowermost positions. It will be observed, of course, that as the driving disk 69 is raised and lowered, its associated shaft and dial 65 will likewise move due to the fact, that such shaft is free to move longitudinally of itself within the bearing 11.

The transmission unit 24, shown most clearly -in Figs. land 14 and by which the registering unitl 2| may be actuated in response to operation of the dialing unit 22, includes a shaft 01 which is provided with a spline groove 88 and is joui'- naled intermediate its ends in the transverse wall 52. The shaft 81 is journaled at its opposite ends in bearings 90 and 9| carried, respectively, by the transverse wall 5| and one of the end walls 21 of the housing 20. It is on thershaft 81 that the pinion 68, hereinbefore referred to, is so splined that it is held against rotation with respect to the shaft but yet adapted to be shifted longitudinally of the shaft and into registration with any one of the gear tracks (numbers to i0) of the dialing unit 22. Hereinafter, means for facilitating shifting of the pinion 68 and accurate positioning of the same with respect to the gear tracks (I to I0) will be described. It will be observed'in connection with the transmission unit 24, that the shaft 81 carries a driving gear 92, which is so splined to the shaft that it rotates therewith and is adapted to be shifted into meshing engagement with the respective gears 45 of the several counter-disk assemblies 4B.

Referring now to the transmission control unit by which predetermined denominational settings of the transmission unit 24 may be facilitated in rendering the counter-disk assemblies 48 of the registering unit 2| selectively responsive to the dialing unit 22, it will be observed that said -control unit includes a positioning drum 94, supported for rotation in a pair of bearings 95 and 96 carried, respectively, bythe transverse walls -counter-disk identifying numbers (1 to 15) appearing, as shown in Figs. 4 and '1, in association with thewindows 36 formed in the cover plate 3| of the housing 20.

In order that the drum 94 may be conveniently f rotated step-by-step so as to render predetermined points of the abutment 91 effective inthe operation of the transmission control unit 25, .'there is provided, as shown most clearly in Figs. "1 and 3, a manually operated pawl and ratchet .mechanism 98. ratchet wheel |09 secured to a shaft-like extens'ion |0| `ofthe drum 94, which extension projects- This mechanism includes a through one of the end walls 21 of the housing 20 andk is there provided with a knurled knob |02, by which the drum may be rotated independently of the pawl and ratchet mechanism 98, if such operation is deemed expedient, as when, for eX- ample, conditions are such that a quicker initial setting of the drum may be effected by turning the knob than by resorting to the pawl and ratchet mechanism. Mounted for oscillatory movement on the extension |0l, is a pawlactuating lever |04, to the outer end of which is pivoted an operating key |05 which projects upwardly through the opening 31 and is there'provided with a nger piece or button |06. Pivotally connected to the lever |04, as by a trunnion pin 99, is a pawl |06', which is held in engagement with the ratchet wheel |00 by a fiat spring |01 suitably anchored at its outer end to the outer end of said lever, the pawl serving, as is apparent, to advance the ratchet wheel step-by-step in a counter clockwise direction (reference being had to Fig. 3) as its associated actuating lever |04 is operated. In order to prevent reverse rotation of the ratchet wheel |00, there is provided a restraining pawl |08, pivotally connected to the transverse wall 5| by a trunnion pin- ||0 and maintained in engagement with the ratchet wheel |00 by a at spring bent to substantially a U-shape and pivotally supported on a trunnion pin i|2 carried by the wall 5|. In order that the pawl-actuating lever |04 may be returned to its normal position following each successive operation of the key |05, there is pivotally connected to said lever, as by means of its associated trunnion pin S9, a link H4, which, at its lower end, is pivotally connected to a pin ||5 carried at the outer end of a bell-crank arm i I6, secured to one end of a shaft I |1 extending longitudinally of the housing and constituting an important element of the gear locking and pawl releasing unit shown in Fig. 10 andhereinaftermoreparticularly described. Beneath the arm i |6,there is arranged a flat spring Hi, one end of which is anchored to the bottom 2 of the housing 29 and the other end of which engages the arm ||6 so as to react thereon and thus lift the link ||4 causing the pawl-actuating-lever |04 to return to its normal position after having been depressed by the key |05.

Continuing further with the description of the transmission control unit 25 and referring especially to Figs. 1 and 14, it will be noted that the driving gear S2 is confined within the space afforded between a pair of translating arms |20, constituting important elements of a gear yoke indicated as a whole by the numeral |2I, which includes a guide block |22, with which said arms are connected. The outer ends of the arms |20 embrace the shaft 81 and are guided by it as the yoke |21 is moved from one position to another -along the shaft ||1 which passes through the block |22 and is disposed in a parallel relation to ment therewith, the pointer comprising a vertically disposed standardv |21, which projects upwardly through the slot 34 to a point above the cover plate 3| of the housing where it terminates in afhorizontally disposed index arm |28, tapering to a point directed towards the line of numbers (l to which are indicative of the respective counter-disk assemblies 48 of the registering unit 2|.

Referring particularly to the gear locking and pawl releasing unit 85, it will be understood that since the shaft ||1 is connected to the key |05 by way of the link I4 said shaft is caused to undergo a rocking movement as the key is moved up Yand down. The rocking movement of the shaft i1 is utilized to move a longitudinally disposed locking bar into and out of locking engagement with the gear 92, the bar being connected-to a pair of arms lilasecuredto the shaft ||1. Locking of the gear 92 serves to hold it against any undue rotation as it is shifted out of engagement with any one of the several gears 45 and into engagement with the next of such gears, thus insuring unobstructed meshing since all of the gears 45 during the gear shifting period are held in tooth alignment with respect to each other and in meshing positions with reference to the gear Q2 by the several detents which are associated with the gears 56 that permanently mesh'with the respective gears 45. It is apparent that the locking bar |30 is moved into gear locking position as the key |05 is depressed, and it, therefore, follows that said key is of necessity held in its depressed position in order to maintain the gear 92 locked against possible rotation during the gear shifting period.

In order that the gear 92 may be conveniently shifted from right to left, reference seing had to Fig. 1, in establishing an initial setting of that gearwith reference to a selected counter-disk as sembly 48, there is provided a longitudinally disposed rack |3l, slidably mounted in the transverse wall 52 and one end wall 21 of the housing 20, the rack being suitably connected at one end to the gear yoke |2| and provided at its opposite end with a button |32 for convenience of manipulation by the operator. Normally the rack |3| is held vagainst movement from right to left, as viewed in Fig. 1, by a spring finger detent |34, mounted on a supporting wing |34', secured to the transverse wall 52. The detent |34 is adapted to engage the teeth of the rack |3| so as to positively lock it against movement from right to left. Although the rack |3| may be readily moved by the operator to the right against the relatively slight braking action offered by the detent, such Vbraking action is or sufficient intensity to reasonably insure against any undue displacement of the arm in that direction.

Taking into account the positive locking action of the detent |34 with respect to the rack |3|, it becomes apparent that such detent must be released in order to permit movement of the rack from right to left when it lbecomes necessary to effect an initial setting of the gear 92. Means for effecting such release of the detent |34 are herein illustrated as including an angle bar secured to the shaft ||1 of the gear locking and pawl releasing unit 85, the upper or free arm |35 of the angle bar being normally disposed in S tion, reference being had to Fig. 12, the plate |35 4will engage the Spin |31 and so move the detent |34 as to release it from its locking engagement with the rack |3|, the release oit the detent being coincident with the upward move ment. of the locking bar |30 into locking engagement with the gear 92. Here it may be well to mention that there is provided a rack-actuating pawl |38, which will be hereinafter more par,- ticularly described and which must be released from engagement with the rack |3| incident to the release of the detent |34. To this end, 'the pawl |38 is provided relatively near its outer end, with a pin |40, which, like the pin |31 carried by the detent |34 and hereinbefore described, projects downwardly in close proximity to the outer edge of the free arm |36 of theangle bar |35, the location of the pins |31 and |40 with reference to each other being indicated in Figs. 1

.and 10. Thus, it will become apparent that as the angle plate |35 is moved to release the detent |34, in the manner previously described, the pawl |35 will be similarly and simultaneously released from its engagement with the rack I3 Referring again to the dialing unit 22, it will be noted that the dial plate is provided with a series of finger-tip receiving openings |41, arranged in an annular group at the peripheral margin of the plate and through whichy the re'- spective numerals l to 10 may be clearly ob'- served when the plate is at rest in any one of its several normal positions. rIn order that the dial plate E5 may be brought to rest in a normal position following each operation thereof, there is provided a dial plate restraining unit |42 which, as will hereinafter more clearly appear, depends for its operation upon the operation ofY va pawlactuating unit |44, with which the rack-actuating pawl |38 is associated.

Before describing the dial plate restraining unit |42, it is deemed advisable to refer in detail to the pawl-actuating unit |44, which, as shown most clearly in Figs. 1, 2, 4 and 5, includes a finger actuated cross bar |45, pivotally supported on a vertically disposed trunnion |46 suitably oonnected to the bottom wall 26 of the housing 20, the cross bar |45 being disposed so as to allow ample space to permit the gear 68 to move unobstructedly along the shaft 81. In order that the bar |45 may be exposed to finger-tip operation incident to the completion of each dialing operation, it extends outwardly from the housing 20, by way of an elongated opening |41 formed in one of the side walls 28 of said housing, and is bent up and over to provide, respectively, a latch arm engaging gusset |48 and a finger contact arm |43, the latter being disposed in a contiguous relation to the peripheral margin of the dial plate 65 and being there adapted to respond to linger tip engagement incident to completion of successive dialing operations. As a result of such response, the cross bar |45 is moved in a clockwise direction, reference being had to Fig. 1, about its pivot point and in opposition to its associated tension spring |50, which normally retains the cross bar in its retracted position and serves to return it to that position following each dialing operation, the spring being connected at one Yend to the cross bar and at its opposite end to an end wall 21 of the housing. It will be noted 'that the retracted position of the cross bar |45 is a definite or predetermined one by reason of the fact that a stop lug |5|-, provided on the cover plate 3| of the housing 20, is so disposed as to engage the finger contact arm angle |49 as that arm, together with its associated cross bar |45, is moved in a counterclockwise direction under the action of the tension spring |50. As is obvious, the pawl |38, which is pivotally connected to the cross bar |45 and is normally maintained in operative engagement with the rack |3| by a suitable spring |52 connected to said cross bar and engaging said pawl, is so related to the rack as to cause it to advance stepby-step from left to right incident to successive dialing operations.

Referring again to the dial plate restraining unit |42, shown in detail in Figs. 4 and 5, it will be noted that said unit includes a latch-arm |54, pivotally connected, as by a screw |55, to the under side of the cover 3| of the housing 20. The arm |54 projects outwardly from the housing 20 by way of a slot |56 provided in one of the side walls 28 of said housing thus exposing said arm for engagement by the upwardly extending latchengaging gusset |48 incident to completion of successive dialing operations. Carried by the outer end of the latch-arm |54, is a detent pin |51, which, as shown in Fig. 5, projects upwardly through the cover plate 3| by Way of an opening |58 provided therein, the detent pin terminating substantially ush with the upper face of the dial plate 85 when that plate is in its lowermost position. Normally the latch-arm |154 is held in its retracted position, shown in Fig. 4, by a at spring |50, one end of which is anchored to one of the side walls 28 of the housing and the other end of which engages the inner edge of said arm. In order that the detent pin |51 may function effectively to limit the rotation of the dial plate 65 incident tocompletion of Successive dialing operations, said plate is provided at its periphery with a series of equi-distantly spaced V-shaped notches |8| adapted for the reception of the detent pin |51 as it is moved inwardly by the latcharm |54 following the engagement of that arm by the latch-arm engaging gusset |48.

From the description thus far of the registering unit 2|, the dialing unit 22, the transmission unit 24, the control unit 25, and the gear locking and pawl releasing unit 85, it will be understood that any desired number, such, for example, as 9876, entering into the process of a mathematical computation to be carried out by the machine herein illustrated as an embodiment of the present invention, may be readily set up on the registering unit by the following procedure: First, assuming that the gear 92 is located at the extreme right hand limit of its path of movement (reference being had to Fig. 1), the drum 94 of the transmission control unit 25 is rotated by the pawl and ratchet mechanism 98 until the numeral 4 appears through the observation window 35, the numeral 4 being selected because of the fact that the number "9876 is represented by four digits; second, the rack |3| is then moved manually from right to left while holding down the key and thereby maintaining the detent |34 and the pawl |38 disengaged from said rack, movement of the rack being continued until the tail piece |24 engages the abutment 91 at a, point which will of necessity correspond to the fourth counter-disk-assembly 48 from the right in Fig. 4 and there identied by the numeral 4. When the tail piece |24 engages the abutment 91, the pointer |28 Will then register with said numeral and the gear S2 will then mesh with the gea-r 45 of said fourth counter-disk-assembly, whereupon the key |05 may be released, thus retracting the locking bar |30 from engagement with the gear 92 and simultaneously permitting ,the detent |34 and the pawl |38 to move into engagement with the rack |3|. Following the preliminary measures as above described, the operator inserts his finger tip in the dial-plate opening 4|, corresponding to the numeral "9 appearing through such opening, and rotates the dial plate 65 in a clockwise direction, reference being had to Fig. 4, until it is arrested by the restraining unit |42.

As a result of the dial-plate operation just described, the fourth counter-disk assembly 48 is so actuated (assuming the pinion 468 is positioned to follow the gear track number as to expose the numeral 9" of said assembly 48 to view through the window corresponding to that assembly. Incident to completion of the dialing operation just described, the pawl actuating unit |44 is so actuated as to cause the pawl |38 to engage the next succeeding tooth of the rack I3I, with the result that as the operator releases his linger from the dial plate 65 said unit will be returned to its normal position, thus causing said pawl to move said rack a step to the right, thereby establishing a meshing engagement of the gear 92 with the gear 45 of the third counter-disk-assembly 48. The next dialing and succeeding operations are carried out according to the foregoing description, thereby setting up on the registering unit 2| the remaining digits, namely 8, 7 and 6 of the number 9876.

In the foregoing description of operation it is assumed that the gear 92, before being moved into meshing engagement with the gear of the fourth counter-disk-assembly 48, is located at the extreme right hand limit of its path of movement. The assumed position of the gear 92 may be termed its zero position, from which the gear 92 may be unobstructedly moved into successive engagement with the gears 45 of the entire series of counter-disk-assemblies 48, provided, of course, the setting of the drum 94 is such that its associated abutment 91 does not intercept the path of movement of the tail piece |24. Such non-interception may be insured by rotating the drum `94, through the medium of the pawl and ratchet mechanism 98, to its zero position, which position will be assumed when the cypher 0, not shown but hereinbefore referred to as provided on the `dial 91', appears through the window 35. Here it may be Well to mention that vthe cypher 0 is, of course, located between the numerals lk and 15 in the present instance, its position there corresponding to the position of a throw-out segment |6|a provided on the periphery of the ratchet wheel |00 intermediate the first and last teeth thereof. It is to be noted that, as the drum 94 assumes its zero" position, the throw-out segment |6| a moves into such position with reference to the pawl 06 that, as the key |05 returns to its normal position, the pawl is cammed to the outer face of said segment where it remains ineffective until such time as the drum is rotated by the operator through the medium of the knob |02 in order to allow the pawl to engage the teeth of the ratchet Wheel |00.

The ratchet wheel must contain in its periphery as many teeth as there are counter disks 44 in the registering unit 2|, besides one space for a throw-out segment |6la. As the ratchet wheel |00 is rigidly connected to the helix drum 94, one revolution of said element |00 equals to one revolution of drum 94. Therefore, each tooth of the ratchet wheel represents a fraction of the revolution of the helix drum, that is, if 4we have a machine with 15 counter disks 44 the periphery of the ratchet wheel must be divided by I6 spaces, corresponding 15 to the counter disks and one for the throw-out segment I6 I, each space will have, then an angular measure of 22 30 therefore the helix 97 would have an angular extent of 360. Suchl helix is shown in Fig. l with one half with full lines and other with dotted lines.

In order that the arithmetical processes of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division may be carried out, it is necessary, in certain cases, that the pinion 63 be rotated in the direction of the arrow ||b appearing in Fig. 1, the direction of rotation thus indicated being hereinafter referred to as a positive direction. In other cases it is necessary that the pinion 68 be rotated in the direction of the arrow |62 appearing along side the arrow I6Ib, the direction of rotation thus indicated being hereinafter referred to as a negative rotation. Moreover, it is necessary that provisions be made not only for effecting positive and negative rotation of the gear 68, but also for establishing various gear ratios between that gear and its associated driving disk 66 in order that said gear may be rotated both positively and negatively in the order of from one to ten revolutions for each revolution of the driving disk. To these ends, a gear shift unit I 64 is provided for conveniently shifting the gear 68 from any of its operating positions, corresponding to the gear tracks I to I8, at the right of the center line of the driving disk 66 (reference being had to Fig-8) to any of its corresponding operating positions at the left of said center line, the operating positions at the right of said center line being hereinafter referred to as positive positions and the operating positions at the left of said center line being hereinafter referred to as negative positions.

The above mentioned gear shaft unit Ifl includes a guide rod |85 which passes through the transverse -Wall 52 and is secured at one of its ends to the transverse wall 5| and at its opposite end to the end wall 21 of the housing 20. On the rod |65, there is slidably carried a translating block I6?, to the upper end of which is connected a horizontally disposed gear shift fork |68, between the fingers |10 of which the gear 68 is disposed for longitudinal movement along the shaft 81 as the translating block |61 and its associated fork |68 are moved longitudinally of the guide rod |65 by a manually operated indexing unit Il I, shown, in part in Fig. 13 and illustrated more generally in Figs. l, 2 and 4.

Referring to the indexing unit I'II, it will be noted that Yit includes an index block I'I2, slidably mounted on the guide rod |65 and secured at its lower end to a strip-like connector link I'Ill which in turn is secured to the lower end of the translating block |61 so as to effect movement of the gear 66, through the medium of the gear shifting fork |68, to any predetermined setting with relation to the several gear tracks to l0. In order that the gear 68 may be conveniently and accurately set with relation to any-selected one of the several gear tracks I to I0, and positioned with reference to the center line of the driving disk 6E, for either positive or negative rotation, the indexing block |72 is equipped with a pointer ITS which projects up through the slot 32 provide-d in the cover plate 3| of the housing 28, the pointer being bent at its upper end to provide an index tab H6 which terminates relatively near the common center line of the several apertures S8, as shown in Fig. 4. Of these apertures 38, the central one is indicative of the central or neutral position of the gear 68 with reference to the driving disk Se and is identied by the cypher 0, the remainder oi them being respectively, indicated by the reference characters and L in two groups, one of which group is located atthe right of the central aperture and the other of which is located at the left of that aperture. The apertures 38 of the R and L groups are identified by the numbers 1 to l0, reading to the right in the R group and to the left in the L group, the numbers just mentioned being permanently aflixed to the cover plate SI, as by etching or otherwise. Adjacent the R group of apertures 38, may be provided, as by etching or other- Wise, the indicia ADD and MULT, indicative of the mathematical processes of addition and multiplication, respectively, and adjacent the L group of apertures may be likewise provided to indicia SUB and DI`V, indicative of the mathematical processes of subtraction and division, respectively` vConsidering Figs i3 and i3d, it is to be noted that the index block |i2 is provided on its upper face with a at Spring il?, which is bent upwardly so that its free end is normally spaced only a slight distance from the under face of the index tab Iii. Carried by the index block |12 and extending from one side thereof are a pair of guide pins H8 disposed one above the other. On the pins H8 is slidably carried a vertically movable latch |88, comprising a latch plate I8 I which is provided with a notch |82 adapted to accommodate said guide pins. rlhe latch plate ISI, as shown in Fig. 4, projects upwardly through the 1 i slot 32 and terminates at its upper end in a horizcntally disposed thumb tab |84, by Awhich said plate may be conveniently depressed against the action of the spring Il?, it being noted in this connection that the spring engages the under face of an abutment plate |85, which is rigidly connected to the latch plate at right angles thereto. The abutment plate projects well beyond the latch plate I8! and is provided at its outer end with an indexing pin |36, which is adapted to enter any selected aperture 38, according to whatever setting of the gear 68 may be desired. From the relationship of the various elements entering into the indexing unit ITI, it will be understood that the operator, by depressing the latch plate IBI,- may readily release the indexing pin ISS from such one of the apertures S3 as the pin may then occupy, thus freeing the unit for movement to any other selected position. After the indexing unit Ill is moved to its newly selected position it may be. again locked by releasing the latch plate ISI so as to permit the spring II'I to lift the abutment plate |85, thus causing the indexing pin |85 to enter such one of the apertures 38 as may correspond to the desired setting of the indexing unit. Here it is to be noted that at such time as the indexing unit I'II is being shifted from one position to another, the driving disk E6 of the dialing unit 22 is maintained in its elevated position to permit the gear 68 to be unobstructedly shifted in accordance with the shifting movement of the indexing unit I'H. In order to maintain the driving disk 65 elevated during such time as the gear 68 is being shifted from one'position to another, the declutching arms 84, hereinbefore described, are pivotally connected, as will be understood from Figs. 10, 1l and 12, to a pair of crank arms |81, which are secured to and are adapted to so move with the shaft I? that, as the shaft is rotated in response to depression of the key |05, the arms 84 are.

Referring again to the registering unit 2|, it

is to be noted that, in carrying out certain mathematical computations by the machine embodying the present invention, the relationship of any one o-f the counter-disk-assemblies 43 to the next such assembly at the left, reference vbeing had to Fig. 1, must be such that as the counter disk 44 of a given assembly completes one revolution, thus presenting its Cypher, zero, to View through one of the wind-ows 35, the counter disk of the next assembly will be so rotated as to present an appropriate one of its numerals. For example assuming the counter disks 44 are set at their zero positions and the counter disk at the extreme right in Fig. 1 is rotated in a positive direction to the extent of one complete revolution, the counter disk at the left must undergo transfer rotation to the extent of one-tenth of one revolution so as to expose its numeral l in conjunction with the zero marking of the first counter disk. Another complete rotation of the first counter disk 44 in a positive direction must result in a further one-tenth revolution of the next counter disk so as to expose the numeral 20 to view as must be true also of tbe numerals 30, 40 and so on upon completion of successive revolutions of the rst disk in a positive direction. In accordance with the present invention, the transfer rotation is effected in a positive direction incident to the carrying out of addition and multiplication operations, whereas, in the carrying out of subtraction and division procedures, transfer rotation in a negative direction and for the purpose hereinafter described is imparted to such of the counter disks as may be involved. In order that transfer rotation of the counter disks 44 may be effected in either a positive or a negative direction, according to whether the gear 68 is set positively or negatively with reference to its associated driving disk 65, each transfer disk 45 to the right of the last of the counter disk assemblies 48 appearing in Fig. 1 carries a segmental gear |83 which includes a pair of teeth so located with relation to the numerical markings of their associated counter disk 44 that theywill engage the gear 5S next adjacent said associated disk at the left thereof (reference being had to Fig. l) and rotate that gear to such an extent, as the zero marking of said associated disk moves into View through one of the Windows 36, that the companion gear 45, meshing with said'gear 55, will be rotated to the extent of onetenth revolution, thus causing the counter disk 46, which is associated with said companion gear 45, to move a sufficient distance to expose its numeral 1. Repetition of the operations just described will, of course, effect successive transfer operations so as to expose the numerals 20, 30, LiOand so on in consecutive order.

From the description of the invention thus far given,A it is believed necessary now to describe only generally the procedures to be followed in carrying out the processes of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, in connection with which procedures specic examples will be considered. 1

:Asto' addition, let it be assumed'that the numbers 754320, 8329 and 56075 'are to be added. First, the pinion 68 is set to register with track number of the driving disk 66 and as positioned for rotation in a positive direction as the dialing unit 22 is actuated. Next, the gear 92 of the transmission unit 24 is meshed with the gear'45 of the sixth counter-disk-assembly 48 since there vare six digits in the first of the above given numbers. The dialing unit 22 is then actuated to register the numeral 7 on the sixth counter-diskassembly 48, whereupon the gear 92 is automatically moved into engagement with the gear 45 of the fth counter-disk-assembly, pursuant to which engagement the dialing operation is carlied out to register the numeral 5 on said fth counter-disk-assembly. The procedure is continued in the manner just described until all of the numerals entering into the number 754320 are registered by the registering unit 2|. Following such registration of that number, the gear 45 is moved into position to cooperate with the fourth counter-disk-assembly 48, since there are four digits in the next of the above numbers, namely, 8329. The dialing procedure is again carried out; and finally the number 56075 is dialed,whereupon the summation, 818724, is presented to view through the windows 36 corresponding to various counter-disk-assemblies responsible for the presentation of said summation.

It should here be pointed out that in dialing any number containing a cypher, the counter-diskassembly 48 corresponding to the digit position of the Cypher is permitted to remain undisturbed as will be readily understood, in connection with the dialing of the third of the above mentioned numbers, when it is taken into account that the cypher occupies the hundredths-digit position and that the counter-disk-assembly corresponding to that digit position is passed by the gear 92 which is permitted to remain inactive until it assumes a cooperative relation to the next counter-disk-assembly destined to be operated, such assembly being in the present instance that assembly which correponds to the tenths-digit position occupied by the numeral 7.

To carry out the process of subtraction, as for example where the minuend is, say, 8329 and the subtrahend is 127, the larger of these numbers is dialed as above explained in carrying out the process of addition. The gear B8 is then shifted to its negative one track position and the subtrahend is dialed, with the result that the remainunits, tens, hundreds and -thousands digit positions, the eiect on the minuend initially recorded by the registering unit 2| being accounted for by reason of the fact that the counter disks 44 entering into the dialing of the subtrahend are rotated in a direction opposite to that employed in recording the minuend, the reversal in rotation of the counter disks being due to the negative setting of the gear 68 during the second dialing operation.

In considering the procedure concerning multiplication, it may be well to first discuss a simple example such as 3 times 5, wherein the numeral 5 is the multiplicand and the numeral 3 is the multiplier. In this instance, the gear 9'2 is set to engage the gear 44 of the counter-dial-assembly 48 occupying units position in the registering unit 2|, and the gear 68 is shifted to its positive number 3 position for cooperation with gear track number 3. Since the gear ratio as between thegear 58 and the driving disk- 66 is in the order 4o1'y 3 to 1 when' said gearis set for engagement with gear track number3, it follows that by simply dialing the .numeral 5 the first and second of the dial assemblies 43 will collectively present the number 15 to view through the rst and second of the series of windows 36.

Considering now amore complex problem of multiplication, for example where 9876 is to be multiplied by 543, the procedure is as follows: Shift the Ygear 92 into meshing engagement with the gear 45 of a selected counter-disk-assembly 48 that is well removed from the assembly corresponding to window number 1, the selected assembly, being for example, the seventh from the one at the extreme right of the register-unit 2l. The gear 68 is then shifted into a cooperative relation to gear track number 5, whereupon the number 9876 is dialed with the result that the number 49330 is registered by the counter-diskassembly 48 corresponding to the windows 36 which are numbered 8, 7,' 6, 5, 4. Having thus multiplied the number 9376 by 5, the gear 92 is moved into meshing engagement with the gear V45 of the counter-disk-assembly 48 occupying the sixth position, as indicated by the numeral 6 adjacent one of the windows 36. Since the next numeral to be considered in the multiplier is the' numeral 4, the gear 68 is shifted into a coopera--` tive relation to the gear track number 4, pursuant to which the multiplicand is again dialed with the result that the counter-disk-assemblies correspond to the windows 36 which are identified by the numerals 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3 collectively register the number 533304. The gear 92 is now shifted into engagement with the gear 45 of the counterdisk-assembly 48 occupying the fth'position in the registering unit 2l as identied by the numeral 5 adjacent one of the windows 36. Inasmuch as the multiplicand is now to be multiplied by the numeral 3, the gear-'68 is shifted into position to cooperate with gear track number 3, whereupon the multiplicand is again dialed with the result that the number 5362668 is registered collectively by the counter-disk-assemblies 48 which correspond to the windows 36 andl are identified by the numerals 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2. In order to further clarify the mathematical process entailed in the foregoing example, it might be well to point out that the result obtained is in accord with the following arrangement of partial products. g

It is to be noted that, in arriving at the above product, the counter disk assembly 48, correspending to the window 36 which is identified by the numeral 1, remains unaffected in the process of carrying out the multiplication procedure; and since that assembly remains inactive, its reading, appearing through the window 36 which is indicated by the numeral 1, is disregarded as it constitutes no part of the computed product.

In now considering theprocedure to be followed in the process of division, let it be assumed that the number 462'33 is to be divided by 9. First, the dividend 46233 is recorded on the registering unit 2l according to the manner described heretofore in .recording the first numbergiven in the 16 example stated in connection with the description of the procedure to be followed in carrying out the process of' addition. After recording the dividend 46233, the gear 66 is shifted to its negative nine track position since the divisor, as given in the present example, is nine. Inasmuch as the divisor nine is not containedin the numeral 4 of the dividend 46233 but is contained in the partial dividend 46, the gear 92 is shifted into engagement with the gear 45 of the counter-diskassembly l-S by which the numeral 6 is exhibited. The operator then determines by mental arithmetio that the divisor 9 is contained in the partial dividend 5v times, and accordingly makes a' n-.otation cf the numeral 5` on the cardboard strip 42. Thereafter the operator dials the numeral 5 with the result that the partial. dividend 46 disappears leaving a remainder o l appearing on the counter-disk-assembly i8 that previously registered the numeral'. Next the operator moves the gear 92 into meshing engagement with the gear 45 of the counter-dialassembly 4B by which the numeral 2 isexposed. The previously mentioned remainder of l. together with the numeral 2 just mentioned represent a new dividend of 12 that is .mentally divided by 9 thus giving a. quotient of i Which is noted on the cardboard strip 42. The numeral l is then dialed with the result that the dividend 13 disappears leaving a remainder of 3 registered on the counter-dial-assembly 48 that previously registered the numeral 2. The new dividend, therefore, becomes 33, in which the divisor 9 is contained 3 times, the quotient 3 being determined by mental arithmetic and noted on the cardboard strip 42. The numeral 3, as a quotient, is dialed with the result that the dividend 33 disappears leaving a remainder of 6 registered on the counter-dial-assembly 43 that previously registered the unit digit 3 of the dividend 33. The remainder of 6 together with the unit digit 3 of the original dividend 46233 compose the new dividend of 63 in which, as may be determined by mental arithmetic, the divisor is contained exactly 7 times. 'The operator may then note this result on the cardboard strip 42 by inscribing the numeral 7 as a part of the quotient 5137. It is to be noted that if any new dividend that may be presented during the process of carrying out a problem of division.V does not contain the divisor, a Cypher is written in the quotient, whereupon the gear 92 is moved to its next position cf operation in the process.

It is believed that the process of division, vas carried out by the present invention, needs no further description, but it may be well to describe the process in connection with -a more complex problem, as for example, where 30375 is to be divided by 375. In this instance the dividend 30375 is recorded on the registering unit El, then, after observing that the divisor 375 is contained 8 times in the dividend 36375, the gear 68 is shifted to its negative eight track position. Inasmuch as the divisor 375 is not contained in the numeral 303 of the dividend 30375 but is contained in the partial dividend 3073, the gear 92 is shifted into engagement with the gear 45 of counter disk assembly 48 by which the numeral 0 is exhibited, then the operator dials the divisor 375, and after this operation is performed the registering unit 2| Willvshow a remainder of 375. Then again the gear 66 is shifted to its negative one track position (since the remainder 375 divided by the divisor 37.5 equals one). and the. divisor 375 is dialed with the 17" result that the remainder 375 will disappear from view from the unit 2|.

In order to make the description given more clear the following explanation is deemed advisable. Dialing the number 375, when the gear 68 is placed in the eight negative track, is the same as multiplying 375 by minus 8, then the negative product 300@ is rested or diminished from the dividend 3037, leaving on the record unit 2| a remainder of 37, as 37 is not divisible by 375 the element 98 is automatically moved one space to the right and then the remainder 37 becomes 375, the operator knows that 375/375 equal one, he shifts the element E8 to the negative one track, dialing afterwards the divisor 375, he obtains a quotient of 8l. Therefore, the quotient is given by shiftingr the gear 58 to obtain each numeral of the quotient.

From the foregoing description of the procedure employed in carrying out the process of division, it becomes apparent that where the divisor and dividend are so numerically related that a remainder exists upon the completion of any given process such remainder will appear through one or more, as the case may be, of the windows 35 beneath which the registering unit 2l is located.

Although only one form of the invention is herein shown and described, it will be understood that various changes may be resorted to in the present embodiment without departing from the scope of the invention or the scope of the following claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A calculating machine comprising a registering unit including a denominational series of rotatable and cooperatively related counter-diskassemblies; a dialing unit including a rotatable linger-actuated dial plate and a driving disk connected to said plate for rotation therewith; a

transmission unit including a shaft, the axis oi said assemblies being parallel to the axis of the transmission unit and the axis of the driving disk being perpendicular to the axis of the transmission unit, a driving element carried by said shaft and adapted to be moved longitudinally thereon into driving relation to any selected one of said counter-disk-assemblies and a driven element carried by said shaft for longitudinal movement thereon and adapted to be rotated by said driving disk for eiecting rotation of said shaft, said driving element and any selected one of said counter-disk-assemblies in response to rotation of said driving disk; and means for shifting said driven element lengthwise of said shaft to various positions for engagement with said driving disk along its diameter and at opposite sides of its center of rotation, whereby said shaft and consequently any selected one of said counter-diskassemblies may be rotated in either a positive or a negative direction as desired and at various ratios of angular rotation with reference to that of said driving disk.

2. A calculating machine comprising a registering unit including a 'denominational series of rotatable and cooperatively related counter-diskassemblies; a dialing unit including a rotatable nger-actuated dial plate and a driving disk connected to said plate for rotation therewith; a transmission unit including a shaft, the axis of said transmission unit being parallel to the axis of the assemblies and perpendicular to the axis of the driving disk, a driving element carried by said shaft and adapted to be moved longitudinally thereon into driving relation to any selected one of said counter-disk-assemblies and a driven element carried by said shaft for longitudinal movement thereon and adapted to be rotated by said driving disk for eiTecting rotation oi said shaft, said driving element and any selected one of said counter-disk-assemblies in response to rotation of said driving disk, means for moving said driving disk out of and into driving engagement with said driven element; and means operable at such time as said driving disk is out of driving engagement with said driven element for shifting said driven element lengthwise of said shaft to various positions for engagement with said driving disk along its diameter and at opposite sides of its center of rotation as said is moved into driving engagement with said driven element, whereby said shaft and consequently any selected one of said counter-diskassemblies may be rotated in either a positive or negative direction as desired and at various ratios of angular rotation with reference to that of said driving disk.

3. A calculating machine comprising a registering unit including a denominational series of counter-disk assemblies supported for rotation with respect to each other, a rotatable dialing unit, a transmission unit by which said registering unit may be actuated in response to operation of said dialing unit, said transmission unit being mounted for movement into a driving relation to any selected one of said counter-disk assemblies and including a tail piece, a transmission control unit by which selective positioning of said transmission unit with respect to said assemblies may be facilitated, said assemblies. transmission unit and transmission control unit being arranged in parallel axis, said control unit including a drum mounted for step-by-step rotation and having on its periphery a helix abutment presenting a series of contact areas correspending in number to said assemblies and adapted to engage said tail piece in attaining selected operating positions of said transmission unit with reference to said assemblies so that any one of said assemblies may respond to the operation of said dialing unit, and actuating means for effecting stepeby-step rotation of said drum.

4. A calculating machine comprising a registering unit including a denominational series oi counter-disk assemblies supported for rotation with respect to each other, a rotatable dialing unit, a transmission unit by which said registering unit may be actuated in response to operation of said dialing unit, said transmission unit being mounted for movement into a driving relation to any selected one of said counter-disk assemblies and including a tail piece, a transmission control unit by which selective positioning of said transmission unit with respect to said assemblies may be facilitated, said assemblies, transmission unit and transmission control unit being arranged on parallel axes, said control unit including a drum mounted for step-by-step rotation and having on its periphery a helix abutment presenting a series of contact areas corre spending in number to said assemblies and adapted to engage said tail piece in attaining selected operating positions of said transmission unit with reference to said assemblies so that any one of said assemblies may respond to the operation of said dialing unit, actuating means for effecting step-by-step rotation of said drum whereby said contact areas are moved successiva ly into functioning positions with relation to said tail piece and locking means operable incident to operation of said actuating means for rendering said transmission unit ineffective with relation to said assemblies during step-by-step rotation of said drum.

5. A calculating machine comprising a registering unit including a demoninational series of counter-disk assemblies supported for rotation with respect to each other, a rotatable dialing unit including a rotatable driving disk mounted for vertical displacement, a rotatable transmission unit normally operatively connected to said disk, aXes of said driving disk and transmission unit lying in planes perpendicular to one another, said transmission unit being movable into driving relation with any one of said counterdisk assemblies and being there operable to rotate .said any one of said assemblies in response to rotation of said dialing unit, said transmission unit including a driving gear normally engaging said driving disk, manually operable driving lgear shifting means by which said driving gear may be shifted to various radial operations with relation to said disk in order that the ratio of rotation of said transmission unit and said assemblies with respect to the rotation of said dialing unit may be varied, and manually operable driving disk elevating means operable to lift said driving disk free of said driving gear to facilitate operation of said driving gear shifting means.

6. A calculating machine comprising a registering unit including a denominational series of counter-disk assemblies, a rotatable dialing unit, a translatory transmission unit by which selected denominational orders of said registering unit may be actuated in response to operation of said dialing unit, ringer-actuated detent means adapted to be rendered effective incident to completion of rotation of said dialing unit from any one of a number of predetermined angular values to limit said dialing unit against undue rotation beyond a given angular value, pawl and ratchet means responsive to the operation of said detent means and adapted upon completion of each successive dialing operation to advance said transmission unit step-by-step into successive cooperative positions with relation to said counter-disk assemblies.

HARMODIO A. DE VALLE-ARIZPE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

yUNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,101,128 Jensen et al June 2-3, 1914 1,120,138 `Druschke Dec. 8, 1914 1,260,061 Rosenthal et al Mar. 19, 1918 1,287,559 Wright Dec. 10, 1918 1,338,274 Bacon Apr. 27, 1920 1,398,068 Doerr Nov. 22, 1921 1,482,372 Bauerle Jan. 29, 1924 1,508,762 Bacon Jan. 2-9, 1924 1,518,173 Bacon Dec. 9, 1924 2,383,731 Mathi Aug. 28, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 382,738 France Dec. 16, 1907 

